ENGLISH:
The Holy Apostle and Evangelist Matthew, was also named Levi (Mark 2:14; Luke 5:27); he was one of the Twelve Apostles (Mark 3:18; Luke 6:45; Acts 1:13), and was brother of the Apostle James Alphaeus (Mark 2:14). He was a publican, or tax-collector for Rome, in a time when the Jews were under the rule of the Roman Empire. He lived in the Galilean city of Capernaum. When Matthew heard the voice of Jesus Christ: “Come, follow Me” (Mt. 9:9), left everything and followed the Savior. Christ and His disciples did not refuse Matthew’s invitation and they visited his house, where they shared table with the publican’s friends and acquaintances. Like the host, they were also publicans and known sinners. This event disturbed the pharisees and scribes a great deal.Publicans who collected taxes from their countrymen did this with great profit for themselves. Usually greedy and cruel people, the Jews considered them pernicious betrayers of their country and religion. The word “publican” for the Jews had the connotation of “public sinner” and “idol-worshipper.” To even speak with a tax-collector was considered a sin, and to associate with one was defilement. But the Jewish teachers were not able to comprehend that the Lord had “come to call not the righteous, but sinners to repentance” (Mt. 9:13).
Matthew, acknowledging his sinfulness, repaid fourfold anyone he had cheated, and he distributed his remaining possessions to the poor, and he followed after Christ with the other apostles. Saint Matthew was attentive to the instructions of the Divine Teacher, he beheld His innumerable miracles, he went together with the Twelve Apostles preaching to “the lost sheep of the house of Israel” (Mt. 10:6). He was a witness to the suffering, death, and Resurrection of the Savior, and of His glorious Ascension into Heaven.
Having received the grace of the Holy Spirit, which descended upon the Apostles on the day of Pentecost, Saint Matthew preached in Palestine for several years. At the request of the Jewish converts at Jerusalem, the holy Apostle Matthew wrote his Gospel describing the earthly life of the Savior, before leaving to preach the Gospel in faraway lands.
In the order of the books of the New Testament, the Gospel of Matthew comes first. Palestine is said to be the place where the Gospel was written. Saint Matthew wrote in Aramaic, and then it was translated into Greek. The Aramaic text has not survived, but many of the linguistic and cultural-historical peculiarities of the Greek translation give indications of it.
The Apostle Matthew preached among people who were awaiting the Messiah. His Gospel manifests itself as a vivid proof that Jesus Christ is the Messiah foretold by the prophets, and that there would not be another (Mt. 11:3).
The preaching and deeds of the Savior are presented by the evangelist in three divisions, constituting three aspects of the service of the Messiah: as Prophet and Law-Giver (Ch. 5-7), Lord over the world both visible and invisible (Ch. 8-25), and finally as High Priest offered as Sacrifice for the sins of all mankind (Ch. 26-27).
The theological content of the Gospel, besides the Christological themes, includes also the teaching about the Kingdom of God and about the Church, which the Lord sets forth in parables about the inner preparation for entering into the Kingdom (Ch. 5-7), about the worthiness of servers of the Church in the world (Ch. 10-11), about the signs of the Kingdom and its growth in the souls of mankind (Ch. 13), about the humility and simplicity of the inheritors of the Kingdom (Mt. 18:1-35; 19 13-30; 20:1-16; 25-27; 23:1-28), and about the eschatological revelations of the Kingdom in the Second Coming of Christ within the daily spiritual life of the Church (Ch. 24-25).
The Kingdom of Heaven and the Church are closely interconnected in the spiritual experience of Christianity: the Church is the historical embodiment of the Kingdom of Heaven in the world, and the Kingdom of Heaven is the Church of Christ in its eschatological perfection (Mt. 16:18-19; 28:18-20).
The holy Apostle brought the Gospel of Christ to Syria, Media, Persia, Parthia, and finishing his preaching in Ethiopia with a martyr’s death. This land was inhabited by tribes of cannibals with primitive customs and beliefs. The holy Apostle Matthew converted some of the idol-worshippers to faith in Christ. He founded the Church and built a temple in the city of Mirmena, establishing there his companion Platon as bishop.
When the holy apostle was fervently entreating God for the conversion of the Ethiopians the Lord Himself appeared to him in the form of a youth. He gave him a staff, and commanded him to plant it at the doors of the church. The Lord said that a tree would grow from this staff and it would bear fruit, and from its roots would flow a stream of water. When the Ethiopians washed themselves in the water and ate the fruit, they lost their wild ways and became gentle and good.
When the holy apostle carried the staff towards the church, he was met by the wife and son of the ruler of the land, Fulvian, who were afflicted by unclean spirits. In the Name of Christ the holy apostle healed them. This miracle converted a number of the pagans to the Lord. But the ruler did not want his subjects to become Christians and cease worshiping the pagan gods. He accused the apostle of sorcery and gave orders to execute him.
They put Saint Matthew head downwards, piled up brushwood and ignited it. When the fire flared up, everyone then saw that the fire did not harm Saint Matthew. Then Fulvian gave orders to add more wood to the fire, and frenzied with boldness, he commanded to set up twelve idols around the fire. But the flames melted the idols and flared up toward Fulvian. The frightened Ethiopian turned to the saint with an entreaty for mercy, and by the prayer of the martyr the flame went out. The body of the holy apostle remained unharmed, and he departed to the Lord.
The ruler Fulvian deeply repented of his deed, but still he had doubts. By his command, they put the body of Saint Matthew into an iron coffin and threw it into the sea. In doing this Fulvian said that if the God of Matthew would preserve the body of the apostle in the water as He preserved him in the fire, then this would be proper reason to worship this One True God.
That night the Apostle Matthew appeared to Bishop Platon in a dream, and commanded him to go with clergy to the shore of the sea and to find his body there. The righteous Fulvian and his retinue went with the bishop to the shore of the sea. The coffin carried by the waves was taken to the church built by the apostle. Then Fulvian begged forgiveness of the holy Apostle Matthew, after which Bishop Platon baptized him, giving him the name Matthew in obedience to a command of God.
Soon Saint Fulvian-Matthew abdicated his rule and became a presbyter. Upon the death of Bishop Platon, the Apostle Matthew appeared to him and exhorted him to head the Ethiopian Church. Having become a bishop, Saint Fulvian-Matthew toiled at preaching the Word of God, continuing the work of his heavenly patron.
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ESPAÑOL:
El santo apóstol y evangelista Mateo, también se llamaba Leví (Marcos 2:14; Lucas 5:27); era uno de los Doce Apóstoles (Marcos 3:18; Lucas 6:45; Hechos 1:13), y era hermano del apóstol Santiago Alfeo (Marcos 2:14). Era un publicano o recaudador de impuestos de Roma, en una época en que los judíos estaban bajo el dominio del Imperio Romano. Vivía en la ciudad galilea de Capernaum. Cuando Mateo escuchó la voz de Jesucristo: “Ven, sígueme” (Mt. 9: 9), dejó todo y siguió al Salvador. Cristo y sus discípulos no rechazaron la invitación de Mateo y visitaron su casa, donde compartieron mesa con los amigos y conocidos del publicano. Como el anfitrión, también eran publicanos y pecadores conocidos. Este acontecimiento perturbó mucho a los fariseos y escribas. Los publicanos que recaudaban impuestos de sus compatriotas lo hacían con grandes beneficios para ellos. Por lo general, personas codiciosas y crueles, los judíos los consideraban traidores perniciosos de su país y religión. La palabra "publicano" para los judíos tenía la connotación de "pecador público" y "adorador de ídolos.". Incluso hablar con un recaudador de impuestos se consideraba un pecado, y asociarse con uno era contaminación. Pero los maestros judíos no pudieron comprender que el Señor había "venido para llamar no a justos, sino a pecadores al arrepentimiento" (Mt. 9:13).
Habiendo recibido la gracia del Espíritu Santo, que descendió sobre los Apóstoles el día de Pentecostés, San Mateo predicó en Palestina durante varios años. A pedido de los judíos conversos en Jerusalén, el santo apóstol Mateo escribió su Evangelio describiendo la vida terrenal del Salvador, antes de partir a predicar el Evangelio en tierras lejanas.
El apóstol Mateo predicó entre las personas que esperaban al Mesías. Su Evangelio se manifiesta como una vívida prueba de que Jesucristo es el Mesías predicho por los profetas, y que no habría otro (Mt. 11: 3).
La predicación y los hechos del Salvador son presentados por el evangelista en tres divisiones, que constituyen tres aspectos del servicio del Mesías: como Profeta y Legislador (Cap. 5-7), Señor del mundo tanto visible como invisible (Cap. 8-25), y finalmente como Sumo Sacerdote ofrecido como sacrificio por los pecados de toda la humanidad (Cap. 26-27).
El Reino de los Cielos y la Iglesia están íntimamente relacionados en la experiencia espiritual del cristianismo: la Iglesia es la encarnación histórica del Reino de los Cielos en el mundo, y el Reino de los Cielos es la Iglesia de Cristo en su perfección escatológica (Mt.16). : 18-19; 28: 18-20).
Cuando el santo apóstol suplicaba fervientemente a Dios por la conversión de los etíopes, el Señor mismo se le apareció en forma de joven. Le dio una vara y le ordenó que la plantara a las puertas de la iglesia. El Señor dijo que un árbol crecería de esta vara y daría fruto, y de sus raíces brotaría un arroyo de agua. Cuando los etíopes se lavaron en el agua y comieron la fruta, perdieron sus caminos salvajes y se volvieron amables y buenos.
Pusieron a San Mateo con la cabeza hacia abajo, amontonaron leña y la encendieron. Cuando el fuego se encendió, todos vieron que el fuego no dañaba a San Mateo. Entonces Fulviano dio órdenes de agregar más leña al fuego y, frenético de audacia, ordenó colocar doce ídolos alrededor del fuego. Pero las llamas derritieron a los ídolos y se encendieron hacia Fulvio. El asustado etíope se volvió hacia el santo con una súplica de misericordia, y por la oración del mártir la llama se apagó. El cuerpo del santo apóstol quedó ileso y se fue al Señor.
Esa noche el apóstol Mateo se apareció al obispo Platón en un sueño y le ordenó que fuera con el clero a la orilla del mar y encontrara allí su cuerpo. El justo Fulviano y su séquito fueron con el obispo a la orilla del mar. El ataúd llevado por las olas fue llevado a la iglesia construida por el apóstol. Entonces Fulvio pidió perdón al santo apóstol Mateo, después de lo cual el obispo Platón lo bautizó, dándole el nombre de Mateo en obediencia a un mandato de Dios.
Pronto San Fulviano-Mateo abdicó de su gobierno y se convirtió en presbítero. A la muerte del obispo Platón, el apóstol Mateo se le apareció y lo exhortó a encabezar la Iglesia etíope. San Fulvio-Mateo, convertido en obispo, se afanó en predicar la Palabra de Dios, continuando la obra de su patrón celestial.
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